Soil Fertility with Neal Kinsey

Journey to Agronomist and Beyond: A Conversation with Neal Kinsey

At our recent Missouri Organic Association (MOA) webinar, we had the privilege of hosting agronomist Neal Kinsey, author of Hands-On Agronomy. Neal’s career is rooted in Missouri, where his personal farming experience and academic studies led him to a lifelong mission: helping farmers understand and improve their soils.

From Farming to Agronomy

Neal shared his journey from growing up on a family farm to studying agricultural economics and food industry logistics at the University of Missouri. A pivotal moment came when he met Dr. William Albrecht, a soil scientist whose work emphasized nutrient balance and soil structure. By applying Albrecht’s principles, Neal was able to dramatically improve soybean yields on his farm. Word spread, and what began as helping neighbors with referrals eventually grew into an international career after the release of his book in 1993.

The Science of Soil Fertility

Much of the conversation centered on soil testing and fertility management. Neal explained that comprehensive soil tests typically measure pH, humus, clay content, and 13–16 minerals. He pointed out that many soils are deficient in calcium, sulfur, and boron, leading to structural and biological imbalances. Correcting these issues not only improves crop health but also supports vital microbial populations.

Calcium received special attention. Unlike other nutrients, calcium uniquely flocculates clay particles, creating the soil structure that plants and microbes need to thrive. Neal emphasized that correcting soil structure sets the stage for long-term fertility success.

Practical Applications: Lime, Gypsum, and Crop Management

Neal provided clear guidelines for soil amendments:

• Lime: Choose between calcidic or dolomitic lime based on soil type and calcium levels.

• Gypsum: Apply only when calcium reaches 60%, and limit applications to one ton per acre per year.

He shared case studies from around the world, including a California berry grower who corrected soil issues to maintain high yields after losing access to soil sterilants. For raspberries, Neal found that copper levels between 12–15 ppm not only prevented rust but also improved harvest conditions.

The Role of Copper and Microbial Health

Copper is a critical nutrient for plant defense against rust and fungal diseases. Neal explained the difference between copper sulfate, which can harm soil microbes if applied as a liquid, and copper chelate, which can be applied dry without damaging the soil biology. While microbial inoculants can be helpful, Neal noted that they work best in well-balanced soils where microbes can thrive.

Building Healthy Soil Systems

Whether it’s raspberries in California, pastures in Missouri, or basil in a greenhouse, Neal’s message remained the same: soil fertility depends on balancing the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Correcting the aerobic zone (6–8 inches deep) can turn even toxic soils into productive ground.